ALA Civil Procedure and Constitutional Law Practice Exam 2026 – Comprehensive Study Resource

The key idea is that determining removability by amount in controversy does not stop just because the plaintiff didn’t disclose damages. When the complaint is silent or insufficient on damages, the defendant can rely on later evidence to show that the amount in controversy exceeds the federal jurisdictional threshold. Courts determine the amount in controversy at the time of removal, and the defendant may introduce evidence—such as affidavits, discovery, or other record information—to prove, by a preponderance, that the threshold is met. If that later evidence demonstrates the required amount, the case is removable.

This is why the best statement is that removal can proceed if later evidence shows the amount in controversy meets the threshold. The other options are not correct because removal can occur without an amendment, without a stipulation, and it isn’t improper solely for failure to disclose—as long as the later evidence satisfies the jurisdictional amount.